Latest Resources
Excise Taxes on Vaping Products: A Grey Forecast
The failure to set reasonable tax levels in this market arises because governments have not cooperated adequately; they have not been guided by the principle of risk-proportionate taxation; they have not been guided by research that points to substitutability; and, for whatever reason, have not been informed by lessons from the well-established decades-long illicit combustible cigarette trade.
Young adult responses to taxes on cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems
In the United States, higher ENDS tax rates are associated with decreased ENDS use but increased cigarette smoking among 18- to 25-year-olds, with associations reversed for cigarette taxes. In an attempt to curb the use of increasingly popular electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as e-cigarettes, 30 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. have implemented taxes on these products. But a growing body of evidence suggests that, among adults, these taxes can increase cigarette smoking, a habit whose health effects are likely to be more harmful than vaping nicotine according to the National Academy of Science and Medicine.
Costs of vaping: evidence from ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
NVP prices were generally higher than prices of combustible cigarettes, especially the high upfront NVP devices. The high upfront costs of purchasing a reusable NVP may discourage some smokers from switching to vaping. However, the average lower costs of cartridges and e-liquids relative to a package of cigarettes make switching to a NVP an attractive alternative to smoking in the long term so long as smokers switch completely to vaping.
Do Tobacco Companies Have an Incentive to Promote “Harm Reduction” Products?: The Role of Competition
Although cigarette companies will back alternatives to combusted tobacco when threatened by competition, the prospects for their lasting conversion to NCNDPs will depend on the extent of such competition, which will be influenced by government regulation of tobacco products. The regulation of non-combustible nicotine delivery products and cigarettes should be proportionate to their relative risks, so that smokers have incentives to switch from combustibles to safer alternatives, and cigarette companies have incentives to promote safer products.
Intended and Unintended Effects of E-cigarette Taxes on Youth Tobacco Use
Over the past decade, rising youth use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has contributed to aggressive regulation by state and local governments. Between 2010 and mid-2019, ten states and two large counties adopted ENDS taxes. We use two large national surveys (Monitoring the Future and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) to estimate the impact of ENDS taxes on youth tobacco use. We find that ENDS taxes reduce youth ENDS consumption, with estimated ENDS tax elasticities of -0.06 to -0.21. However, we estimate sizable positive cigarette cross-tax effects, suggesting economic substitution between cigarettes and ENDS for youth. These substitution effects are particularly large for frequent cigarette smoking. We conclude that the unintended effects of ENDS taxation may considerably undercut or even outweigh any public health gains.
The Effects of Traditional Cigarette and E-Cigarette Taxes on Adult Tobacco Product Use
We study the effects of traditional cigarette tax rate changes and e-cigarette tax adoption on use of these products among U.S. adults. Data are drawn from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey data over the period 2011 to 2017. Using a differences-in-differences model, we find that higher traditional cigarette taxes reduce adult traditional cigarette use and increase adult e-cigarette use, suggesting that the products are economic substitutes. E-cigarette tax adoption reduces e-cigarette use, with some heterogeneity across groups, and dilutes the own-tax responsiveness of traditional cigarettes.
E-cigarette attitudes and use in a sample of Australians aged 15–30 years
Although you can’t legally buy nicotine e-cigarettes without a prescription, sales to minors is prohibitted and promotion of e-cigarettes in general is restricted, new research suggests more young Australians are using them and finding them easy to access. study suggests a need for much greater monitoring and enforcement.
How do underage youth access e-cigarettes in settings with minimum age sales restriction laws? A scoping review
Further research examining how social supply routes operate, including interaction and power dynamics, is crucial to reducing youth vaping. Given widespread access via schools and during social activities and events, exploring how supply routes operate and evolve in these settings should be prioritized. Inadequate compliance with existing sales regulations suggest greater national and local policy enforcement, including fines and licence confiscation for selling to minors, is required at the retailer level.
OTRU - E-Cigarette Enforcement Measures: Theory, Evidence and Regulatory Policy
A grey literature Ontario study that found overall retail compliance with not selling e-cigarettes to minors was 90%. Compliance in specialty vape shops was higher than in convenience stores. There is substantial evidence from conventional tobacco that enforcement of youth access regulations is important to support interventions aimed at reducing illegal sales to youth. Lack of enforcement is associated with higher levels of illegal sales to youth. This report explores the evidence for enforcement and e-cigarettes, as well as other related substances including tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.
OTRU - E-Cigarette Social Sources: Theory, Evidence and Regulatory Policy
There are no federal policies currently in place aimed at reducing social sources of e-cigarettes. A recent Health Canada report acknowledges that most young people in Canada are accessing vaping products socially through friends and family and not making purchases themselves. While it is well known that youth are accessing e-cigarettes via social sources, interventions to address this problem are under-developed. Findings from conventional tobacco show that it is very likely that raising the minimum age and increasing compliance and enforcement measures are likely to be effective in reducing the overall social supply of e-cigarettes.
