Interventions for Preventing E-Cigarette Use Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review
Regulatory interventions have been enacted at the municipal, provincial/state, and federal levels (e.g., age of purchase and flavor restrictions) to protect youth from vaping initiation; however, many youths find ways to bypass laws and access e-cigarettes. A 2024 review that assessed vaping prevention interventions for youth found high perceived parental monitoring effective at the individual level. School-based programs showed inconsistent outcomes, although some social-emotional and peer leadership approaches showed promise in preventing EVP adoption among adolescents. Reliable evidence of the impact of community interventions is lacking. These descriptive study findings illustrate the need for analytic studies to confirm or refute the effectiveness of these interventions in preventing youth vaping.
The “Gateway” hypothesis: evaluation of evidence and alternative explanations
Evidence offered in support of the gateway hypothesis does not establish that ENDS use causes youth to also smoke cigarettes. Instead, this evidence is better interpreted as resulting from a common liability to use both ENDS and cigarettes. Population-level trends are inconsistent with the gateway hypothesis, and instead are consistent with (but do not prove) ENDS displacing cigarettes. Policies based on misinterpreting a causal gateway effect may be ineffective at best, and risk the negative unintended consequence of increased cigarette smoking.
Do sociodemographic risk profiles for adolescents engaging in weekly e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual product use differ?
Teens who have disposable income, live in a lower-income home or are gender diverse are more likely to use e-cigarettes, according to a new study at the University of Waterloo.
Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check
The inverse relationship between vaping and smoking was robust across different data sets for both youth and young adults and for current and more established smoking. While trying electronic cigarettes may causally increase smoking among some youth, the aggregate effect at the population level appears to be negligible given the reduction in smoking initiation during the period of vaping's ascendance.
Original quantitative research – A machine learning approach to predict e-cigarette use and dependence among Ontario youth
The top 10 correlates of daily vaping included use of caffeine, cannabis and tobacco, source and type of e-cigarette and absence in last 20 school days. Those of ever-vaping included school size, and use of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco.
Noncigarette Tobacco Product Use Among Smoking-Susceptible and Nonsusceptible Adolescent Never Smokers, 2009–2021
Smoking-susceptible adolescents had a higher prevalence of noncigarette tobacco use and lower nonuse than adolescents not susceptible to smoking, according to findings of a 12-year study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
