This 2025 publication argues that a widely cited meta-analysis claiming vaping carries disease risks similar to smoking was methodologically flawed and misleading. The authors say the original analysis combined unrelated diseases, relied heavily on surveys that could not determine whether vaping or smoking came before the illness, and failed to account for changes in smoking/vaping habits over time. They conclude that the original findings are unreliable and should not be used to claim vaping is as harmful as smoking.
Inaccurate and misleading meta-analysis of E-cigarettes and population-based diseases - PubMed
